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Michael P. Carvalho: Environmental Attorney and Global Explorer Tackling Climate Change

In February and March of 2024, Michael Carvalho, Esq. – an environmental attorney, expert SCUBA diver, and Polar Explorer – embarked on his second journey to Antarctica as part of the POLEs Citizen-Science Expedition. This marks his third Polar expedition, following his 2019 Antarctica mission and an expedition to Spitsbergen, Arctic, making him uniquely positioned to contribute to the scientific and policy efforts surrounding the fragile polar regions.

The POLEs Expedition, under the leadership of Dr. Angel Yanagihara (Explorers Club Fellow and University of Hawaii research professor), seeks to assess the impact of glacial runoff, temperature fluctuations, and salinity changes on marine biodiversity. The expedition also coincides with the 150th anniversary of the Challenger Expedition (1872-1876), which catalogued over 4,000 previously unknown species. While the Challenger Expedition was pivotal, it largely overlooked the vast biodiversity of microscopic life. POLEs represents an essential leap forward in understanding these dynamic biomes, focusing on the foundational elements of the marine food web.

The scientific research conducted on this expedition includes:

  • Live Plankton Photomicroscopy to document and identify species of phytoplankton and zooplankton, with the potential discovery of previously unknown species in shallow Polar coastal environments.
  • Community DNA (cDNA) and Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples collected and analyzed using PCR and molecular biology methods to identify organisms within these ecosystems.
  • Physical Oceanography to analyze the interplay of wind, waves, and water density in polar environments. The team will collect water samples and assess glacial runoff impacts on temperature, salinity, and geochemistry.
  • Underwater Photogrammetry, utilizing SCUBA divers to photograph and document features of polar environments for ongoing analysis and monitoring.

Why This Work Matters to Our Future

The polar regions are critical indicators of climate change, with rapid temperature increases causing significant shifts in their ecosystems. By studying foundational marine species like plankton, scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the food web dynamics that sustain larger polar animals, such as krill, whales, and seabirds. The POLEs Expedition provides an unparalleled opportunity to assess how climate change affects biodiversity and ecosystems at the ends of the earth.

This work will inform future climate models, providing the data needed for policymakers and scientists to assess whether international environmental protections, such as the Madrid Protocol under the Treaty of Antarctica, are sufficient to safeguard these ecosystems. Michael Carvalho, an experienced delegate at the UNEA-4 Environment Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya, will compile the POLEs findings into a report for a future UNEA Assembly, contributing to the global conversation on climate change, environmental justice, and marine conservation.

Expedition Deliverables

The POLEs Expedition is not just a scientific endeavor; it’s an educational and environmental policy milestone. The data collected will contribute to:

  • Banked specimens and GIS data sets for future scientific research.
  • Scientific and lay publications to raise awareness of polar ecosystems.
  • A policy assessment paper by Michael Carvalho on the Science-Policy Nexus of the Treaty of Antarctica (Madrid Protocol).
  • Collaboration with educators and students to engage future generations in climate science and environmental stewardship.

Michael P. Carvalho: Environmental Attorney and Global Explorer Tackling Climate Change

Michael P. Carvalho is not just a distinguished environmental attorney—he’s a dedicated explorer and climate advocate who travels the globe to witness and combat the impacts of climate change firsthand. His commitment to preserving our planet goes beyond the courtroom, as he actively participates in citizen-science expeditions to some of the most vulnerable ecosystems on Earth, from the icy waters of Antarctica to the Arctic Circle.

Michael’s work aligns with the NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy, focusing on critical objectives like understanding mechanisms of change, tracking and providing early warnings, and projecting future conditions. His legal practice is deeply informed by his experiences in the field, where he has seen the urgent need for robust environmental protection and adaptive management strategies to combat the escalating effects of climate change.

As a recognized leader in environmental law, Michael brings his unique perspective—shaped by both legal expertise and real-world exploration—to help clients navigate complex environmental challenges. Whether through policy advocacy, climate-informed legal strategies, or direct participation in groundbreaking scientific research, Michael is at the forefront of global efforts to safeguard our environment for future generations.



March 2024 – POLEs Antarctica Expedition: Dr. Angel Yanagihara, University of Hawaii research professor and leading expert on jellyfish and zooplankton, completes a successful Antarctic expedition, where she focused on collecting eDNA samples to assess species populations and the effects of changing salinity and temperature. Collaborating with Dr. Petra Lenz, she explored the water column for invasive species, contributing critical data on marine biodiversity. This was a flagged expedition for The Explorers Club.



POLEs Antarctica Expedition – March 2024: Michael P. Carvalho dives alongside an iceberg in the frigid waters of Antarctica. As an environmental attorney and citizen-scientist, Michael’s hands-on approach to studying climate change impacts on polar ecosystems is a crucial part of his work to protect these fragile environments.

March 2024 Photos

Antarctica POLEs Expedition

A Tribute to My Father:
Ronald M. Carvalho

My father, Ronald M. Carvalho, always encouraged my brothers and me to dream big and never be afraid to chart a course toward those dreams. His unwavering belief in the power of determination and passion shaped my life in countless ways. While I had known of The Explorers Club for years, I never imagined I would one day become a member myself. But, as my father taught me, with dedication and perseverance, even the loftiest dreams can become reality.

My journey to diving in some of the most remote corners of the earth led me to a lifelong friend and dive buddy, Dr. Angel Yanagihara. Not only did she nominate me for membership in The Explorers Club, but she also invited me to join an extraordinary team of scientists on the POLEs Expedition to Antarctica, carrying the historic Explorers Club Flag #44. This flag, over 100 years old, has accompanied numerous polar expeditions, symbolizing the thrill of discovery and the fulfillment of dreams that seemed impossible.

I am deeply grateful to Angel and to the incredible sponsors who supported our team and ensured our equipment reached Antarctica. The experience was not just about exploration—it was about pushing boundaries, making new friendships, and realizing that with the right course, risks, and determination, dreams can come true.

I look forward to sharing this remarkable journey with anyone who will listen, especially the young dreamers who wonder just how far their aspirations can take them. My father’s legacy lives on in my continued efforts to push the limits of what is possible.


Left Photo: Antarctica March 2024, Dr. Angel Yanagihara, from the University of Hawaii, is one of the world’s leading experts on jellyfish and zoo plankton; Michael Carvalho at far right, holding The Explorers Club flag #44 which is over 100 years old and has accompanied numerous polar expeditions.

Right Photo: Folly Cove, Gloucester, MA, July 1977, Ronald M. Carvalho seen after scuba diving with his three sons from left to right, Mark, Ron and Michael Carvalho (12) at far right.

As a National Member of The Explorers Club, Michael Carvalho continues to contribute to both scientific exploration and environmental advocacy.

Michael Carvalho’s election to The Explorers Club follows his notable achievements in exploration and environmental advocacy. In 2018, Carvalho participated in a SCUBA diving expedition to Antarctica, immersing himself in the icy depths alongside penguins and leopard seals. His contributions as a Delegate to the United Nations Environment Program for North America at the UNEA-4 Summit in Nairobi, Kenya in 2019 further showcased his commitment to global environmental issues.

The Explorers Club, founded in 1904 in New York City, is an international society that promotes scientific exploration and field research. It was established by a group of elite adventurers and scientists who wanted to foster a sense of camaraderie and support for exploration. The club became a hub for those engaged in pioneering expeditions, and many famous explorers, including the likes of Sir Edmund Hillary and Neil Armstrong, have been members.

Over the years, The Explorers Club has supported historic expeditions such as the first ascent of Mount Everest, the first trip to the North and South Poles, and the first journey to the Moon. The club’s members have achieved groundbreaking discoveries in diverse fields, from archaeology to marine biology. It continues to serve as a gathering place for explorers, scientists, and conservationists’, offering support through grants, networking, and sharing of knowledge.

Today, The Explorers Club is known for its annual awards, lecture series, and advocacy for scientific research and environmental preservation. Its iconic headquarters in New York City holds a rich collection of artifacts from significant expeditions, reflecting the club’s long history of exploration and discovery.

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]]> 2019 UNEA-4 Assembly – Delegate Michael Carvalho https://carvalholawfirm.com/unea-4-assemby-delegate-michael-carvalho/ Sun, 15 Sep 2024 01:34:28 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=6123 The post 2019 UNEA-4 Assembly – Delegate Michael Carvalho appeared first on Carvalholawfirm.com.

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Michael P. Carvalho: Advocate for Global Environmental Stewardship


Michael P. Carvalho is a distinguished environmental attorney and the founder of Carvalho & Associates, P.C., a boutique law firm that has been at the forefront of environmental legal advocacy for 20 years. With over 30 years of legal experience, Michael is renowned for his profound commitment to addressing critical global environmental challenges, blending legal expertise with international engagement. An Eagle Scout and passionate SCUBA diver since the age of eight, his lifelong connection to the natural world fuels his advocacy for environmental protection and stewardship.

Michael’s career is marked by significant contributions to global environmental policy. In 2019, he was honored with a nomination as a delegate to the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-4) in Nairobi, Kenya, where he represented North America. UNEA, the highest decision-making body on environmental matters, provided Michael a platform to engage with ministers and high-level officials to tackle pressing global issues such as climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. His role included key participation in the Open-Ended Meeting of the Committee of Permanent Representatives (OECPR) and the UN Science-Policy-Business Forum on the Environment.

As an environmental lawyer and advocate, Michael’s work extends beyond legal practice. He is deeply involved in citizen science initiatives, such as the POLEs Expedition. This cutting-edge expedition focuses on assessing how climate change impacts polar ecosystems, particularly through the study of foundational marine species like plankton, which are essential to the food web supporting krill, whales, and seabirds. The data collected from the expedition will inform future climate models and international environmental protections, such as the Madrid Protocol under the Treaty of Antarctica. Michael is tasked with compiling the expedition’s findings into a report for a future UNEA Assembly, contributing to the global dialogue on environmental justice and marine conservation.

Expedition Deliverables:

  • Banked specimens and GIS data sets for ongoing scientific research.
  • Publications aimed at raising awareness of the importance of polar ecosystems.
  • A policy assessment paper by Michael on the Science-Policy Nexus of the Treaty of Antarctica (Madrid Protocol).

Michael’s unique combination of hands-on scientific exploration, policy expertise, and legal acumen makes him a leading voice in environmental stewardship, continuing to drive impactful change both in the courtroom and across the world’s most fragile ecosystems.


Michael Carvalho, representing the United States at the UNEA-4 Delegation, an opportunity that shaped his career and strengthened his commitment to global environmental advocacy.

Nairobi, Kenya – March 2019

March 2019 Photos

Nairobi Africa

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]]> 2022 Expedition to the Arctic Circle and Spitsbergen https://carvalholawfirm.com/virtual-expedition-to-antarctica-with-michael-carvalho/ Fri, 17 Nov 2023 15:16:57 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=5601 The post 2022 Expedition to the Arctic Circle and Spitsbergen appeared first on Carvalholawfirm.com.

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Expedition to The Arctic Circle and Spitsbergen

Michael Carvalho: A Journey from the Courtroom to the Ends of the Earth

Attorney Michael P. Carvalho’s distinguished career spans more than two decades of environmental law and advocacy, but his passion for the environment doesn’t stop at the courtroom. As a polar explorer, he has ventured to some of the most remote and vulnerable ecosystems on the planet, combining his legal expertise with on-the-ground citizen science to tackle the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss.

In August 2022, he participated in an extraordinary polar expedition to the Arctic Circle around Spitsbergen and Kvitøya, aboard the m/v Plancius, a 287-foot polar-class vessel.

Organized by Blue Green Expeditions, this journey offered the opportunity to dive and snorkel in icy waters, spot endangered polar bears, and observe Minke and Beluga whales in their natural habitats. Carvalho and fellow explorers marveled at the walrus colonies and explored pristine polar landscapes, all while conducting underwater research to understand the rapidly changing Arctic ecosystem.

For divers and non-divers alike, this expedition provided unparalleled access to the Arctic’s breathtaking beauty. Hiking, birding, and historical explorations were complemented by educational seminars on polar ecology and underwater photography.

A Legacy of Adventure and Advocacy

Michael Carvalho’s work as both an environmental attorney and polar explorer sets him apart as a true environmental steward. His adventures are not just personal explorations but part of a greater mission to protect the planet’s most vulnerable regions through hands-on research and legal advocacy. From the frigid waters of the Arctic to the icy landscapes of Antarctica, Carvalho’s expeditions contribute to a global understanding of climate change, biodiversity loss, and the urgent need for stronger environmental protections.

The 2024 Expedition, a collaborative effort with scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute and the University of Hawaii, will involve the collection of environmental DNA (eDNA), physical oceanography data, and underwater photogrammetry to document the effects of climate change. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the Madrid Protocol under the Antarctic Treaty in protecting these fragile environments. The findings will be compiled into a paper that Carvalho will submit to the United Nations.



August 2022 Photos – Arctic Circle & Spitsbergen

Lessons from the top of the World

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]]> 2023 Citizen Science Research into Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) https://carvalholawfirm.com/citizen-science-research-into-stony-coral-tissue-loss-disease-sctld/ Fri, 17 Nov 2023 14:33:29 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=6451 The post 2023 Citizen Science Research into Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) appeared first on Carvalholawfirm.com.

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Citizen Science Research into Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)

By Michael P. Carvalho, Esq. and Christopher J. Miller, B.S., M.S Eng.

November 6, 2023 – Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) is a deadly coral disease affecting over twenty-five species of hard coral resulting in rapid tissue mortality and death of entire colonies. The disease was first reported on Florida’s reefs in 2014 and has subsequently spread throughout multiple countries in the Caribbean, to include the Cayman Islands, due to its high transmissivity. SCTLD causes lesions to appear on hard corals following increasing bleaching events associated with dramatic increases in surface water temperatures caused by Climate Change. Infected corals rapidly lose live tissue and entire colonies can be wiped out in weeks to months (Precht et al 2016). The Cayman Islands government is particularly concerned about the spread of SCTLD from Grand Cayman where the disease is now widely established to Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, where SCTLD has not yet gained a foothold.

Cause

The cause and method of SCTLD transmission are currently unknown but are the subject of intense research. Previously, researchers believed that SCTLD is a bacterial pathogen that grows rapidly and is transmitted by direct contact and ocean currents. (Aeby et al, 2019). More recent research suggests that a viral pathogen may be disrupting the coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis, a type of photosynthesis algae living in coral tissues. (Landsberg et al 0202; Work et al 2021). There is no known cure for SCTLD, which has a mortality rate of 60%-100% (Precht et al 2016), although studies are underway to determine whether topically applied antibiotics may be effective.

Affect

SCLTD negatively affects coral density and species diversity, reducing the overall health of coral reefs and resulting in significant degradation to coral reef ecosystems. The loss of coral reefs (already imperiled by rapidly warming ocean surface temperatures and physical damages from intense weather events) affects not only the health of the reef, but also the myriad of economic interests they support. Such interests include tourism, coastal protection, food, and recreation, among others impacts. In the Cayman Islands, tourism is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for approximately 70% of GDP. (Moody’s Analytics, www.economy.com/cayman-islands). With the main sources of income in the Cayman Islands consisting of financial services, tourism and real estate sales and development, the loss of once pristine coral reefs upon which much of the tourist economy is based, would be devastating to the economy.

Response

All hands-on deck. Local governments throughout the Caribbean are collaborating with regional and international partners to continue to study the causes and effects of SCTLD on coral reefs. The Cayman Islands Government Department of the Environment (DoE) is “…actively training volunteers on disease identification and how to use treatment options while expanding our citizen scientist reporting efforts to engage the public in helping us identify diseases coral.” DoE regularly collects samples for epidemiological research and applies topical treatment of Amoxicillin + Base2B on affected corals within defined study areas. (doe.ky/marine/sctld.).

The Cayman Islands government is also engaged in efforts to grow new coral using fragments harvested from healthy reefs and grown on “coral trees” suspended in the water column in nurseries. https://missionblue.org/2017/03/cayman-islands-coral-nursery-conservation-program/




October 2023 Photos – Cayman Islands

Citizen Science Research into Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD)

For further information:

Tammi Warrender is the Lead Coordinator of the SCTLD Response Project.  She can be reached by email: Tammi.Warrender@gov.ky

Report SCLTD and submit photographs: SCTLD Report Caribbean.

Urgent issues should be reported to the SCTLD hotline at +1-345-926-0680.

_________________________________________________________________

Michael P. Carvalho, Esq. is an environmental attorney representing a wide range of clients in environmental and real estate matters nationally and internationally. He is a former environmental consultant and serves as President of Carvalho & Associates, P.C with offices in Boston and Atlanta. He can be reached at mpc@carvalholawfirm.com.

Christopher J. Miller is a former environmental consultant and currently serves as Director of Natural Resources of the Town of Brewster, Massachusetts.

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]]> 2018 Citizen-Science Expedition Antarctica https://carvalholawfirm.com/2019-citizen-science-expedition-antarctica/ Sat, 16 Sep 2023 18:05:49 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=6385 The post 2018 Citizen-Science Expedition Antarctica appeared first on Carvalholawfirm.com.

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Lessons from the Bottom of the World

Michael P. Carvalho, founder of Carvalho & Associates, P.C., is a distinguished environmental attorney with over 30 years of experience in environmental law. His legal career has been marked by significant victories in both state and federal courts, where he has successfully represented clients in environmental litigation, often achieving record verdicts and decisions. His expertise extends beyond litigation to include the redevelopment of environmentally impaired properties, construction law related to stormwater management, and environmental regulation and policy development.

Michael’s passion for environmental advocacy is deeply personal, driven by his lifelong love of the ocean. Having grown up on the North Shore of Massachusetts, he became a Certified Diver in 1978. His diving experiences have since taken him to six of the seven continents. A certified Divemaster and Rescue Diver, Michael’s exploration of the world’s oceans has not only shaped his personal life but also his professional work.

In 2018, Michael was invited by Diving Unlimited International to join a select team of highly experienced divers for a scuba diving expedition to Antarctica. The team included glaciologists, biologists, climatologists, and other science and policy experts studying the dramatic effects of climate change in one of the harshest environments on Earth. This journey to Antarctica marked a major milestone in Michael’s life, as it was his first expedition to the frozen continent, where he witnessed firsthand the impacts of climate change on polar ecosystems.

Michael’s legal practice is informed by his commitment to environmental preservation. His work aligns with the NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy, focusing on key objectives such as understanding mechanisms of change, providing early warnings, and projecting future conditions. His time in Antarctica reinforced the need for strong environmental protections and adaptive management strategies, which he integrates into his legal practice to help clients navigate the complexities of environmental challenges.

As a leader in environmental law, Michael combines his legal expertise with his real-world experiences from the field, whether advocating for policy changes, creating climate-informed legal strategies, or actively participating in scientific research.



Antarctic Expedition Overview

In early 2018, Michael embarked on his first expedition to Antarctica, joining a team of divers and scientists with Blue Green Expeditions. After arriving in Ushuaia, Argentina, and touring Tierra Del Fuego National Park, the team set sail aboard the m/v Plancius through the Drake Passage, following in the footsteps of early polar explorers.

During the expedition, Michael and the team were surrounded by the awe-inspiring beauty of Antarctica’s untouched wilderness. They encountered humpback and minke whales, albatrosses, and colonies of thousands of penguins nesting on remote islands. The team explored glaciers and icebergs via zodiac cruises, diving into waters that few have ever seen. Michael experienced the unique opportunity to dive alongside penguins and leopard seals, observing the diverse marine life of Antarctica’s frigid waters.

This expedition, which brought together scientists and policy experts, was pivotal in shaping Michael’s perspective on the urgent need to address climate change. It also reinforced his commitment to using his legal practice to advocate for stronger protections for vulnerable ecosystems, combining his passion for exploration with his dedication to environmental law.

“Optimism is true moral courage. Difficulties are just things to overcome, after all.”

– Sir Ernest Shackleton 



The Antarctic Treaty System: A Model of Peaceful Cooperation

Signed in 1961, the Antarctica Treaty System is the world’s premier example of peaceful and scientific international cooperation.

It designates Antarctica for peaceful and scientific purposes, recognizing no land claims on the continent.

The Treaty was the first non-nuclear accord, banning nuclear weapons testing and the disposal of radioactive waste in Antarctica.

February 2018 Photos – Antarctica

Lessons from the Bottom of the World

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]]> 2020 Visual Survey – Sawmill Brook, Manchester, MA https://carvalholawfirm.com/sawmill-brook-a-visual-survey-2020/ Thu, 22 Oct 2020 21:35:02 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=5550 Learn about Saw Mill Brook in the Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA, narrated by Michael Carvalho.  This short film on Sawmill Brook in Manchester by the Sea is the result of the collaborative efforts of the MBTS Stream Team, Salem Sound Coastwatch, Manchester-Essex Conservation Trust and our friends and partners.

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]]> Learn about Saw Mill Brook in the Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA, narrated by Michael Carvalho.  This short film on Sawmill Brook in Manchester by the Sea is the result of the collaborative efforts of the MBTS Stream Team, Salem Sound Coastwatch, Manchester-Essex Conservation Trust and our friends and partners.

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]]> 2020 Michael Carvalho Accepted into The Explorers Club https://carvalholawfirm.com/michael-carvalho-accepted-into-the-explorers-club/ Wed, 21 Oct 2020 18:21:25 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=5457 The post 2020 Michael Carvalho Accepted into The Explorers Club appeared first on Carvalholawfirm.com.

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Michael Carvalho Becomes Member of The Explorers Club

September 9, 2020 – Michael Carvalho, a distinguished environmental attorney and dedicated explorer, has been elected as a National Member of The Explorers Club (TEC). Founded in New York City in 1904, TEC is renowned for promoting scientific exploration of land, sea, air, and space, supporting research and education in physical, natural, and biological sciences. The Club’s members have achieved a series of remarkable firsts, including reaching the North and South Poles, the summit of Mount Everest, the deepest point in the ocean, and even the surface of the moon.

Michael Carvalho’s election to The Explorers Club follows his notable achievements in exploration and environmental advocacy. In 2018, Carvalho participated in a SCUBA diving expedition to Antarctica, immersing himself in the icy depths alongside penguins and leopard seals. His contributions as a Delegate to the United Nations Environment Program for North America at the UNEA-4 Summit in Nairobi, Kenya in 2019 further showcased his commitment to global environmental issues.

“Exploration opens the mind to the wonders of the world,” said Carvalho. “I am deeply honored to be elected to The Explorers Club and am committed to advancing the mission of this remarkable community.” In the 1970s, Michael Carvalho would watch “The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau” with his father and two brothers as they explored the world’s oceans aboard the Calypso.

In addition to his role at The Explorers Club, Carvalho is the president of Carvalho & Associates, P.C., with offices in Boston, MA, and Atlanta, GA. He specializes in environmental law, encompassing litigation, regulatory, and transactional matters. Carvalho is also a Trustee with MECT, where he supports the preservation of ecologically significant places.

Michael’s extensive diving experience includes over 3,500 dives across all five Great Oceans over the past 50 years. His exploration resume features a 2022 Arctic Circle expedition, where he dived among walrus and whales and observed the effects of climate change on the Svalbard reindeer. He also participated in the 2024 POLEs Expedition to Antarctica, where he worked with scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Hawaii to collect eDNA, conduct physical oceanography experiments, and document underwater environments. This expedition, which coincided with the 150th anniversary of the Challenger Expedition, provided critical data on the impact of climate change on polar marine biodiversity. Carvalho will author a paper for the U.N. on the Treaty of Antarctica’s Madrid Protocol, assessing its environmental protections.

As a National Member of The Explorers Club and a Fellow with the Royal Geographical Society of London, Michael Carvalho continues to contribute to both scientific exploration and environmental advocacy. He resides in Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA, with his wife and two children and can often be found diving off Cape Ann on his boat, Legal Claws.

 



















Photo of Mike Carvalho as he became officially “Bi-Polar” following a 2022 Expedition to the Arctic Circle where he dove among walrus and whales while doing his best to avoid hungry polar bears underwater. He also went mountain climbing into the remote fjords of Svalbard, Norway where he observed the remarkably adaptations of the Svalbard reindeer and the challenges these amazing animals face from Climate Change.

A Tribute to My Father: Ronald M. Carvalho

My father, Ronald M. Carvalho, always encouraged my brothers and me to dream big and never be afraid to chart a course toward those dreams. His unwavering belief in the power of determination and passion shaped my life in countless ways. While I had known of The Explorers Club for years, I never imagined I would one day become a member myself. But, as my father taught me, with dedication and perseverance, even the loftiest dreams can become reality.


My journey to diving in some of the most remote corners of the earth led me to a lifelong friend and dive buddy, Dr. Angel Yanagihara. Not only did she nominate me for membership in The Explorers Club, but she also invited me to join an extraordinary team of scientists on the POLEs Expedition to Antarctica, carrying the historic Explorers Club Flag #44. This flag, over 100 years old, has accompanied numerous polar expeditions, symbolizing the thrill of discovery and the fulfillment of dreams that seemed impossible.

I am deeply grateful to Angel and to the incredible sponsors who supported our team and ensured our equipment reached Antarctica. The experience was not just about exploration—it was about pushing boundaries, making new friendships, and realizing that with the right course, risks, and determination, dreams can come true.

I look forward to sharing this remarkable journey with anyone who will listen, especially the young dreamers who wonder just how far their aspirations can take them. My father’s legacy lives on in my continued efforts to push the limits of what is possible.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Left Photo: Antarctica March 2024, Dr. Angel Yanagihara, from the University of Hawaii, is one of the world’s leading experts on jellyfish and zoo plankton; Michael Carvalho at far right, holding The Explorers Club flag #44 which is over 100 years old and has accompanied numerous polar expeditions.

Right Photo: Folly Cove, Gloucester, MA, July 1977, Ronald M. Carvalho seen after scuba diving with his three sons from left to right, Mark, Ron and Michael Carvalho (12) at far right.

Learn to Skin Dive in Massachusetts
(As Advertised in 1977!)

Explore the underwater world along the Massachusetts coast with expert instruction. This course covers everything from breath-hold diving techniques to safety protocols and gear usage, perfect for beginners and seasoned adventurers alike. Join us to discover local dive spots, including the rocky shores of Cape Ann and the pristine waters of Buzzards Bay. Classes offer hands-on experience with the latest equipment and tips on marine life identification. Dive into adventure and become part of the growing skin diving community!




First issue of The Skin Diver magazine, originally published in 1951 and running until 2002. Targeted towards the growing community of SCUBA and free divers, the magazine featured articles on dive techniques, underwater photography, marine biology, and reviews of dive sites around the world. Readers could also find advertisements for early diving gear, such as wetsuits, masks, fins, regulators, and spear guns, as well as equipment from emerging dive manufacturers. It became a central hub for enthusiasts as the sport of diving gained global popularity.















September 2015 – 27lb Lobster caught while SCUBA diving and safely returned to the ocean. In Massachusetts, licensed divers can harvest up to 15 lobsters per day, provided they meet legal size limits and are not egg-bearing females, which are critical to preserving the breeding stock. American lobsters are vital to the marine ecosystem, but rising ocean temperatures due to climate change pose a threat to their populations, pushing them into deeper, cooler waters. Interestingly, lobsters were once considered ‘poor man’s food’ and were regularly served to prisoners in the 19th century.















Michael Carvalho, proudly wearing his Explorers Club cap, was inducted into The Explorers Club in 2019. A seasoned environmental attorney with over 30 years of experience, Michael has participated in multiple polar expeditions, including diving in Antarctica and the Arctic Circle. His work as a citizen scientist focuses on climate change and marine conservation. As a UNEA-4 Assembly delegate in 2019, he has contributed to global environmental policy discussions, furthering his commitment to protecting fragile ecosystems through law and advocacy.





In April 2021, Attorney Michael Carvalho expertly navigated a 40 ft Beneteau through the iconic San Francisco Bay, embarking on a transit from San Francisco to Monterey. With brisk winds typical of the Bay Area, ranging between 15 to 25 knots, and choppy waters, the conditions provided a challenging yet exhilarating experience for seasoned sailors. Known for its strong currents and frequent fog, the Bay demands skill, particularly when handling a large vessel like the Beneteau. Michael, who holds both his 6-pack Captain’s license and membership with the bar, demonstrated his proficiency in sailing large vessels, expertly balancing sail trim and helm control amidst the ever-changing weather.











Captain Michael Carvalho aboard his Parker 25, Legal Claws, where he spends most weekends diving the waters off Cape  Ann. His favorite local dive sites include Kettle Island, Pickett’s Ledge, and Half Way Rock. A passionate underwater explorer, Michael’s dedication to marine conservation and adventure is reflected in his recent membership in The Explorers Club, recognizing his contributions to citizen science and environmental stewardship.





October 2020 – Michael Carvalho diving with playful Steller Sea Lions off Hornby Island, British Columbia. In this photo, one of the curious sea lions is gently biting his head, much like a playful dog!

Steller sea lions, the largest of the sea lion species, gather in colonies along the North Pacific coast from Russia to California. They thrive in cold, nutrient-rich waters, feeding on fish, squid, and octopus. These social animals can live up to 30 years in the wild. However, climate change is altering their habitat, reducing prey availability due to warming ocean temperatures and shifting marine ecosystems.



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]]> 2020 Michael Carvalho Accepts Fellowship to the Royal Geographical Society https://carvalholawfirm.com/michael-carvalho-accepts-fellowship-to-the-royal-geographical-society/ Thu, 03 Sep 2020 21:38:19 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=5414 The post 2020 Michael Carvalho Accepts Fellowship to the Royal Geographical Society appeared first on Carvalholawfirm.com.

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Michael P. Carvalho, Esq. named as Fellow to the Royal Geographical Society

Environmental Attorney Michael P. Carvalho, Esq., was recently named a Fellow to the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers. Following his successful 2018 expedition to Antarctica and his role as a Delegate to the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-4) summit in Nairobi, Kenya, where he represented North America for the UN Environment Program in 2019, Mr. Carvalho’s nomination to the prestigious Society was confirmed.

The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) is the United Kingdom’s leading institution for advancing geographical sciences and education. Established in 1830, it serves as a learned society and professional body for geographers, promoting research, fieldwork, and education in geography across the world. Fellows of the Society are distinguished individuals with demonstrated achievements in geographical or related fields, such as through research, publication, or significant professional contributions.

“I am honored and deeply appreciative of the opportunity to serve as a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society as we plan future expeditions to document environmental impacts associated with Global Warming and Climate Change,” said Carvalho.

Michael Carvalho, a seasoned attorney with 30 years of experience, is the president of Carvalho & Associates, P.C., a law firm specializing in environmental law. His practice spans both Boston, MA, and Atlanta, GA, and focuses on addressing critical environmental issues through legal and policy frameworks.

A Legal Career Rooted in Environmental Protection

Carvalho’s legal career, spanning more than 30 years, is distinguished by his commitment to safeguarding the environment through innovative legal strategies. With a focus on environmental compliance, citizen enforcement actions under the Clean Water Act, and litigation under the Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) and CERCLA (Superfund), Carvalho has represented individuals, businesses, and non-profits in cases that have far-reaching impacts on communities and ecosystems.

A leader in environmental law, he has worked on cases that hold corporations and government entities accountable for environmental degradation. Through his legal expertise, Michael has contributed to creating policies and regulations that foster sustainable practices and protect vital natural resources. His law firm, Carvalho & Associates, P.C., is widely recognized for its dedication to environmental justice and its efforts to promote a cleaner, healthier world.

The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) – Established in 1830, RGS is a leading institution in the advancement of geographical science, exploration, and research. Its mission is to promote the study and understanding of geography through scientific research, exploration, and education.



Michael Carvalho braves the icy expanse of Antarctica during a 2019 expedition, exemplifying his commitment to environmental exploration and advocacy.


Photo of Michael Carvalho on his second expedition to Antarctica in 2024.

The polar regions are critical indicators of climate change, with rapid temperature increases causing significant shifts in their ecosystems. By studying foundational marine species like plankton, scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the food web dynamics that sustain larger polar animals, such as krill, whales, and seabirds. The POLEs Expedition provides an unparalleled opportunity to assess how climate change affects biodiversity and ecosystems at the ends of the earth.

This work will inform future climate models, providing the data needed for policymakers and scientists to assess whether international environmental protections, such as the Madrid Protocol under the Treaty of Antarctica, are sufficient to safeguard these ecosystems. Michael Carvalho, an experienced delegate at the UNEA-4 Environment Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya, will compile the POLEs findings into a report for a future UNEA Assembly, contributing to the global conversation on climate change, environmental justice, and marine conservation.

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]]> 2020 Recent Federal Decision Serves as a Reminder of the Importance of 180-Day Rule for Phase I ESAs. https://carvalholawfirm.com/past-the-expiration-date-recent-federal-decision-serves-as-a-reminder-of-the-importance-of-180-day-rule-for-phase-i-esas/ Wed, 02 Sep 2020 20:09:58 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=5371 Past the Expiration Date: Recent Federal Decision Serves as a Reminder of the Importance of 180-Day Rule for Phase I ESAs. By Michael P. Carvalho, Esq., Managing Partner, Carvalho & Associates, P.C. Most real estate professionals understand the practical value of completing pre-acquisition environmental due diligence in connection with the acquisition of real property. Assessing […]

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]]> Past the Expiration Date: Recent Federal Decision Serves as a Reminder of
the Importance of 180-Day Rule for Phase I ESAs.

By Michael P. Carvalho, Esq., Managing Partner, Carvalho & Associates, P.C.

Most real estate professionals understand the practical value of completing pre-acquisition environmental due diligence in connection with the acquisition of real property. Assessing the environmental condition of properties prior to purchase or lease is now commonplace in the industry. The ASTM E-1527 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Site Assessment Process (“ASTM Phase I”) has long been the “bible” for conducting such pre-acquisition inquires into the history, regulatory agency involvement and existing conditions at a site to assess the potential for Recognized Environmental Conditions (“RECs”). However, the legal significance of properly completing such studies is often overlooked. That is, until an Indiana federal judge in the matter of Von Duprin LLC v. Moran Electric Services (S.D. Ind., March 30, 2020). The court in Von Duprin held that the defendants were not bona fide prospective purchasers within the meaning of the statute because they failed to complete their Phase I ESAs within the 180 days of acquisition mandated by the ASTM Standard Practice.

A CERCLA Legal Primer
Superfund is one tough statute! The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 was passed by Congress to create a means to address the responsibility for the cleanup of the nation’s worst environmental contamination sites. Pursuant CERCLA, liability is strict, joint, several and retroactive. Potentially responsible parties (PRPs) include owners, operators, transporters and/or generators of hazardous substances that come to be located at facilities. Congress include a subsequent, limited defense to liability known as the “innocent purchaser” defense where an innocent landowner, contiguous property owner or bona fide prospective purchaser can limit CERCLA’s onerous liability scheme by conducting “all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the property consistent with good commercial and customary practice at the time of acquisition. Under the ASTM Standard, a person may qualify for bona fide prospective purchaser status if they complete “all appropriate inquiries” on or before the purchase date. Significantly, knowledge of contamination resulting from all appropriate inquires would not necessarily preclude CERLCA liability.

ASTM’s Continued Viability Requirement: The 180-Day Rule
Because Phase I ESAs are best thought of as a “Snapshot in Time” of a property’s environmental condition, ASTM quickly recognized that they needed to come with a shelf life. ASTM Sec. 4.6 provides that interviews with owners, operators and occupants, searches for recorded environmental cleanup liens, review of federal, triable, state and local government records, visual inspections of the property and adjoining properties, and declaration by an Environmental Professional responsible for the assessment or update must be completed within 180 days of the date of purchase or the date of the intended transaction.

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]]> 2020 Michael Carvalho Becomes MECT Board of Trustee Member https://carvalholawfirm.com/michael-carvalho-becomes-mect-board-of-trustee-member/ Wed, 22 Jan 2020 21:14:01 +0000 https://carvalholawfirm.com/?p=5541 Manchester Essex Conservation Trust is excited to announce its new Trustee Michael P. Carvalho who said, “I am very proud to be a Trustee of this great organization and I am committed to advancing the mission of this remarkable Community.” In August, Michael Carvalho narrated a short film on Sawmill Brook in Manchester-by-the-Sea, a collaboration of […]

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]]> Manchester Essex Conservation Trust is excited to announce its new Trustee Michael P. Carvalho who said, “I am very proud to be a Trustee of this great organization and I am committed to advancing the mission of this remarkable Community.”

In August, Michael Carvalho narrated a short film on Sawmill Brook in Manchester-by-the-Sea, a collaboration of work performed by members of the MBTS Stream Team, Salem Sound Coastwatch, Manchester-Essex Conservation Trust and our friends and partners.

Michael Carvalho is president of Carvalho & Associates, P.C. with offices in Boston, MA and Atlanta, GA. He specializes in environmental law, including litigation, regulatory and transactional matters. He can be reached at (678) 354-0066.

 

 

 

 

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